我们2006年的古巴游记 (二)
Cuba in general, looks a lot like China in late 1970s and early 1980s, living5 P% N4 q% J! M" T
standard and government control wise. To see and know it more, we went. y J2 d3 f1 a3 h: b: M
on a day trip to Havana ("La Habana" in Spanish). Our tour guide,
$ G7 V+ q3 g' A"George" seems to be very knowledgeable and, as we pushed, he did give7 a" f4 G% c) Z7 X8 e/ m
answers to our pointed questions.
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The racial mix in Cuba is very diverse, with about 40% white, 15% black,8 b; ^8 t0 c3 G$ j3 M' n
45% mixed (aka mulatto), even about 1% Chinese, so no one would stand. U8 \8 \ \! m% _ N
out too much here (especially after you got a sun tan). Education is" u' B: G6 p* H2 Q5 W3 j- O5 N* r
free all the way up to University level (need to pass competition exams
3 c7 i9 h/ o6 b: E% rto get in), and it sounds like close to half of the Universities are7 ?( @* G) ^1 E! E4 f
medical schools.8 u$ e; u5 {' ]& y7 [& M8 E# L4 Q
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Every university graduate needs to do 3 years service assigned by the* P; K- z8 ^' r1 `; h/ e( s8 H
government before moving to the job/place they want, and if anyone wants
. {+ z: R) e3 s+ Q/ O& [( d G: o Xto go abroad afterwards, he/she needs to do an additional 3 years
# a) z5 s( S4 |$ ?- {assigned service before leaving the country. The salary range in Cuba" G, q5 g" g. m
is from $200 Cuba Peso (~$11 CAD) per month (minimum state wage) to/ M* k# v% h/ _* _: B p [
over $600 Cuba Peso (~$32.5 CAD) per month (for medical doctors). There6 k: N l+ ?+ G* A& X
seems to be no big issue with food, as most basic foods are cheap and) O+ }# E* _ m$ A5 J6 O# e
mostly supplied/rationed by government. Though they do have a milk6 s0 g) b( ], v% W) C4 F* t
shortage which the government is addressing by converting some9 \# d6 J/ `8 _# K2 |
sugar-cane farm lands into cattle lands.
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3 }! Q; G3 }( {7 j$ x5 O* e: e4 LThe main issues are housing, transportation, and clothing. There is no* e! b8 @' K7 B0 R% V
private real estate in Cuba, as all the housing is controlled and1 p5 m9 e- L! v! A' m2 \5 i
supplied by the government, and the supply is so tight that young people; u. ?) B' b) b5 d
have to stay with their family even after they are married. The good
- f% A0 g* P$ f& d3 M( g$ rthing about this is that there is always someone in the house to do baby6 C, y: \+ b4 b3 {& B' q0 ~
sitting and care for older/sick people, but bad impacts include a high
7 C1 \$ e5 b* U7 p0 N8 Udivorce rate: over 50% newlyweds go separate ways within two years.6 B8 B4 z8 |2 ?$ w6 [
Divorce is very easy: 15 days waiting period and $4 Cuba Peso fee. When1 ?8 C8 M& ]. |1 U7 N5 i
a lawyer is involved, the fee is $15 Cuba Peso, as lawyer can only" h$ }& W: K' Q* i+ C$ `* n, |
charge the fee defined by the state." M/ a& |; E+ e: A: y
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There are three main types of transportation: taxi ($20 Cuba Peso to get
+ ^' |. ?( v' A! }on), bus similar like what we have but made in China, and a special type
7 R a5 D2 P# l$ O) d+ n$ o: Hof bus called Camel (see picture) which has two "humps" and the big
+ c0 J8 D7 @ qtruck head of the bus comes from NFLD (used as we were told). The Camel
! e1 z/ s, m3 y1 t4 ^3 kseems to be the main transportation for most Cubans, especially the
5 s9 M4 q$ Y6 h7 b' Tworking class people, 20 cents per ride, but it is often not on5 s+ L9 X2 e* K) @1 d2 r
schedule. No one knows when the Camel will come to a bus stop, so if
5 v5 Q. j b% _: Y( O6 F" cyou ask, people say "maybe today, maybe tomorrow". We saw some people( [) `7 u; j/ F% S; {# Y
trying to hitch a ride in quite a few places. George mentioned hitch
3 G: d- i: p& d' @, Ahiking is very common in Cuba due to transportation shortage and that& ^ i( `0 N! h$ z. y1 F, V
people have developed a sign language to indicate cities where they want) s u% c7 N& G
to go. There are places that government officials would stop cars or
( A6 x( x8 P2 F* X! Ybuses owned by the state and order them to take hitch hikers if there* O2 F/ G1 F. U$ u, B7 Q$ a- v# Y7 ?; n
are spaces.
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There are private car owners, and some of them use their car as a taxi
|" U- F7 D: w/ Vto make some money, people call them "the thinkers" (that is why they
& m' W e/ j1 n/ \! C1 ?own a car). Due to US blockade, most American cars here are from the0 h/ p( p G& n5 ]" @
40s and 50s, but most of them had lots work done inside (all different
& f0 P; \5 z* V5 wparts including homemade) to keep them running, so Cuba probably has the) Q3 G9 w$ j0 a1 g- M
best and most innovative auto mechanics in the world. We also saw a few
! i, j1 ?0 j/ N0 n4 @( Mnice new Japanese and Korean cars. We asked George about the color of
% E5 T8 {! V6 [car license plate when we saw a nice new Audi - he said the red means it
3 b0 {. @* q1 z$ K uis a rental, the yellow ones are private, the blue ones are state owned.! f& g! U" P. T; O& E2 _! L
We then went to check our bus, sure enough, it has a blue plate.