我们2006年的古巴游记 (二)
Cuba in general, looks a lot like China in late 1970s and early 1980s, living F% G2 k9 O8 u8 _; y6 d2 V4 c
standard and government control wise. To see and know it more, we went3 @8 w2 G. i% X, s; K, x$ m; z+ _$ o
on a day trip to Havana ("La Habana" in Spanish). Our tour guide,8 i5 T9 d& R' Z
"George" seems to be very knowledgeable and, as we pushed, he did give7 `; k: C6 V+ e
answers to our pointed questions.
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The racial mix in Cuba is very diverse, with about 40% white, 15% black,9 Z# j# W, W7 o4 K& J
45% mixed (aka mulatto), even about 1% Chinese, so no one would stand0 A0 W( Q/ K+ u
out too much here (especially after you got a sun tan). Education is
5 o9 K6 y U" c4 R3 `1 Zfree all the way up to University level (need to pass competition exams& a$ ?# l, F( o; i) g
to get in), and it sounds like close to half of the Universities are# W" D. V: T" T0 k0 A6 {( W4 v
medical schools.
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Every university graduate needs to do 3 years service assigned by the, r; \0 G' R; g) Y6 Y$ B
government before moving to the job/place they want, and if anyone wants
: @% u+ J1 O, S% A0 fto go abroad afterwards, he/she needs to do an additional 3 years# O) d0 k7 |6 V0 ] F# ]/ C/ K* c
assigned service before leaving the country. The salary range in Cuba
1 H7 Y. U. ^3 L4 k, k' d1 |is from $200 Cuba Peso (~$11 CAD) per month (minimum state wage) to
! Y. Z0 E8 @1 B; N( Bover $600 Cuba Peso (~$32.5 CAD) per month (for medical doctors). There
- u- b( E+ g, O/ B& y) bseems to be no big issue with food, as most basic foods are cheap and
- R3 N6 F$ h. q; v, G: Imostly supplied/rationed by government. Though they do have a milk, L8 ]6 v8 x; y. Z
shortage which the government is addressing by converting some
* W7 o9 t: m0 q9 t3 D1 ]3 `* esugar-cane farm lands into cattle lands.
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- d% a( h& P' f+ u2 CThe main issues are housing, transportation, and clothing. There is no
5 P# p* n2 l u# S; x9 }private real estate in Cuba, as all the housing is controlled and: c6 W$ }( s, @5 x+ s
supplied by the government, and the supply is so tight that young people; i/ Q! |& F% P9 d4 B. O
have to stay with their family even after they are married. The good
; Q) `+ r3 D3 ething about this is that there is always someone in the house to do baby2 I0 Q3 `7 M; T2 u9 v
sitting and care for older/sick people, but bad impacts include a high/ }4 E5 Y; i- q( o0 @. s y( Y9 r
divorce rate: over 50% newlyweds go separate ways within two years.$ B$ |' W* V$ h3 @
Divorce is very easy: 15 days waiting period and $4 Cuba Peso fee. When
& e7 s7 W6 z" E4 D$ D w) da lawyer is involved, the fee is $15 Cuba Peso, as lawyer can only
# m+ o# Z, W( w) P- z% L# Dcharge the fee defined by the state.
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There are three main types of transportation: taxi ($20 Cuba Peso to get; U: Q- D5 ^; [* y" D. \; `
on), bus similar like what we have but made in China, and a special type4 t0 r+ Y8 w8 Q$ G
of bus called Camel (see picture) which has two "humps" and the big' _9 ^7 D0 g4 q- W- C4 {
truck head of the bus comes from NFLD (used as we were told). The Camel& l2 O8 t3 C3 y6 l. s
seems to be the main transportation for most Cubans, especially the
; o+ w# ?( G# H) ]working class people, 20 cents per ride, but it is often not on2 F! Q+ H: \6 r V! e% ]' [' k
schedule. No one knows when the Camel will come to a bus stop, so if& A+ O- V5 W+ r+ N; J
you ask, people say "maybe today, maybe tomorrow". We saw some people
9 M4 g' O& p, ? Y2 s1 Q& p6 i, mtrying to hitch a ride in quite a few places. George mentioned hitch
, t& m% E" x' V' D+ Y/ Jhiking is very common in Cuba due to transportation shortage and that
8 ~' P7 E. i8 R/ \% Q8 G3 N9 Ipeople have developed a sign language to indicate cities where they want5 Z5 f% ]. [$ N7 \( u1 @1 q
to go. There are places that government officials would stop cars or
, Y7 r: L1 ~3 _$ p% ubuses owned by the state and order them to take hitch hikers if there8 v* k# p! H! A4 J% j/ u R
are spaces.
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There are private car owners, and some of them use their car as a taxi
^! }$ Z. x( [to make some money, people call them "the thinkers" (that is why they! {! K: X* o; L2 f) ?: a* H
own a car). Due to US blockade, most American cars here are from the
9 |9 U" ?- u' Q( M40s and 50s, but most of them had lots work done inside (all different
, V; S+ T& [( Y! I6 W8 Cparts including homemade) to keep them running, so Cuba probably has the
' ^- I0 O& I% a( C, fbest and most innovative auto mechanics in the world. We also saw a few7 N5 X% f0 N6 K/ h O- m$ y a. f
nice new Japanese and Korean cars. We asked George about the color of. O6 l5 {: A& K
car license plate when we saw a nice new Audi - he said the red means it8 m |7 o) w. _! a
is a rental, the yellow ones are private, the blue ones are state owned.
1 o. o, u, M$ ?+ x k7 D We then went to check our bus, sure enough, it has a blue plate.