我们2006年的古巴游记 (二)
Cuba in general, looks a lot like China in late 1970s and early 1980s, living
! e6 i0 Y$ F C2 g' t% Gstandard and government control wise. To see and know it more, we went
. c: w$ l& k) b c2 qon a day trip to Havana ("La Habana" in Spanish). Our tour guide," c, j/ ^ p6 p
"George" seems to be very knowledgeable and, as we pushed, he did give
; t/ ?8 ~4 v% A6 b$ j. \+ g; J( f* Wanswers to our pointed questions.
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& t8 h# d; Q2 F- D! K7 w) tThe racial mix in Cuba is very diverse, with about 40% white, 15% black,/ W' W8 S A6 g2 C9 K) P. X! b! n9 L1 Z1 U
45% mixed (aka mulatto), even about 1% Chinese, so no one would stand$ a5 D9 ~9 ?: S2 t; ^
out too much here (especially after you got a sun tan). Education is
" g: B* B9 u- _free all the way up to University level (need to pass competition exams
7 ^3 r) T. T+ Ato get in), and it sounds like close to half of the Universities are
% {$ v% v1 U, G0 `* m2 M+ t7 `medical schools.+ z% K1 `1 l# h+ {/ y1 ]
* J/ Z( Y4 R: ~, [9 e: [) y- NEvery university graduate needs to do 3 years service assigned by the; _1 S7 O% O# Z! w
government before moving to the job/place they want, and if anyone wants7 N3 C. w8 [+ ]! {: p/ ?
to go abroad afterwards, he/she needs to do an additional 3 years
# r& Q, l- u2 j' w) Yassigned service before leaving the country. The salary range in Cuba1 A! E* A! W+ Y* u* f
is from $200 Cuba Peso (~$11 CAD) per month (minimum state wage) to ^/ c$ Z! b2 z3 x. A/ X& h0 v( i
over $600 Cuba Peso (~$32.5 CAD) per month (for medical doctors). There# e0 m$ A6 ^) p7 ~" s
seems to be no big issue with food, as most basic foods are cheap and
3 t- B, O# }1 }$ D: J& U9 mmostly supplied/rationed by government. Though they do have a milk
' S- Y$ S# z0 G3 M0 c. z& [shortage which the government is addressing by converting some
2 \" y, W$ Q6 |; J% K c, C$ [sugar-cane farm lands into cattle lands.$ N' t+ \( V7 E6 J) Z+ k
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The main issues are housing, transportation, and clothing. There is no
9 p: F8 x) ?3 F& r2 I( Wprivate real estate in Cuba, as all the housing is controlled and
2 q, ~- s0 J& A6 n8 f3 x1 {supplied by the government, and the supply is so tight that young people7 |" h: [; q# e5 R+ z y5 \
have to stay with their family even after they are married. The good6 ?4 Y; t. W3 c# L9 I6 \: J
thing about this is that there is always someone in the house to do baby
. P( t- t. d5 d! H. ?6 U# `sitting and care for older/sick people, but bad impacts include a high6 I+ `4 e, ?9 ?0 b* }: r# @4 ?" h
divorce rate: over 50% newlyweds go separate ways within two years./ d! a( n) e' j
Divorce is very easy: 15 days waiting period and $4 Cuba Peso fee. When
- F1 I( ?0 P7 V) ]* | Ua lawyer is involved, the fee is $15 Cuba Peso, as lawyer can only9 M' ]7 O, G' P- f4 Y% k
charge the fee defined by the state.
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There are three main types of transportation: taxi ($20 Cuba Peso to get
! E9 C; Q5 _( _9 @% P' X! q* O ]on), bus similar like what we have but made in China, and a special type( q6 C" D t# s8 d
of bus called Camel (see picture) which has two "humps" and the big
; w) J* k* r' |( [3 ltruck head of the bus comes from NFLD (used as we were told). The Camel# I/ t. R+ U* K: U0 R, J U6 N
seems to be the main transportation for most Cubans, especially the# M: Y6 R: q# @7 e3 D
working class people, 20 cents per ride, but it is often not on% ]' Z9 }! @8 [% t2 R$ N
schedule. No one knows when the Camel will come to a bus stop, so if
/ \, z6 j4 O' M# vyou ask, people say "maybe today, maybe tomorrow". We saw some people
* [3 [! Q' H) ~( R( K' X3 ktrying to hitch a ride in quite a few places. George mentioned hitch7 s# _( m( T) z
hiking is very common in Cuba due to transportation shortage and that
6 B z& T! T- i" o4 Qpeople have developed a sign language to indicate cities where they want
( S* ^/ a3 E5 \! `to go. There are places that government officials would stop cars or
# L! S a; I4 R2 ybuses owned by the state and order them to take hitch hikers if there
" [; z) O3 o" ^+ iare spaces.
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There are private car owners, and some of them use their car as a taxi
B4 q. {8 A& |. t/ |6 V1 J& a5 }1 Tto make some money, people call them "the thinkers" (that is why they7 \) H4 R1 W& ^2 w
own a car). Due to US blockade, most American cars here are from the9 K2 Q3 L( T% E8 D3 g+ f
40s and 50s, but most of them had lots work done inside (all different
8 Z0 s* f2 v& W: i+ _parts including homemade) to keep them running, so Cuba probably has the
6 H( `/ f* Q6 Jbest and most innovative auto mechanics in the world. We also saw a few! f/ o" ]( @- g/ C4 w
nice new Japanese and Korean cars. We asked George about the color of4 c& E% b% F) g; L. `4 I
car license plate when we saw a nice new Audi - he said the red means it
* j4 m. b/ g. his a rental, the yellow ones are private, the blue ones are state owned.- r6 Z( d( N. m4 b! [( x4 T
We then went to check our bus, sure enough, it has a blue plate.