我们2006年的古巴游记 (二)
Cuba in general, looks a lot like China in late 1970s and early 1980s, living/ ^3 t; I" z* w
standard and government control wise. To see and know it more, we went2 e3 V8 B( e, ^2 {0 B; I8 C
on a day trip to Havana ("La Habana" in Spanish). Our tour guide,/ j5 \! e$ T% k+ [5 n
"George" seems to be very knowledgeable and, as we pushed, he did give. M4 b8 J( L' U G& l8 w9 O; ]; M
answers to our pointed questions.
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5 ?; u8 _, A0 U6 t( ^/ SThe racial mix in Cuba is very diverse, with about 40% white, 15% black,* k: E3 W. S# K" O
45% mixed (aka mulatto), even about 1% Chinese, so no one would stand
7 P7 E" g l; z" h$ O: n! Mout too much here (especially after you got a sun tan). Education is" f3 w0 z0 G/ i# Q0 R2 y
free all the way up to University level (need to pass competition exams9 u9 s: R7 l% d6 \
to get in), and it sounds like close to half of the Universities are
Q5 q8 f6 j6 B( ?medical schools.! [- P9 t/ C# N( v' w" w) w7 q
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Every university graduate needs to do 3 years service assigned by the
' S$ W( N3 ^! n9 `* e- Ugovernment before moving to the job/place they want, and if anyone wants
- |& N2 K Q7 z0 o; u- ?# B& P% lto go abroad afterwards, he/she needs to do an additional 3 years
6 E F |- O4 ^7 G$ f! massigned service before leaving the country. The salary range in Cuba! @4 z+ c) M$ S: W8 a5 w9 F( i( ]
is from $200 Cuba Peso (~$11 CAD) per month (minimum state wage) to
5 U( w& z" ^+ ^over $600 Cuba Peso (~$32.5 CAD) per month (for medical doctors). There5 w" u6 y) @) s8 @* Q! ?
seems to be no big issue with food, as most basic foods are cheap and
3 R- ]- o& c5 e8 \7 _5 pmostly supplied/rationed by government. Though they do have a milk
) M' D+ h% d& @0 j3 @5 n3 Qshortage which the government is addressing by converting some4 T+ y& n$ c" i- |( S- s
sugar-cane farm lands into cattle lands.( n& E5 m# I9 j
5 q- P, I- ^3 M" e1 R; yThe main issues are housing, transportation, and clothing. There is no: R9 }) x5 v3 M5 u ~
private real estate in Cuba, as all the housing is controlled and0 V+ }$ O! }+ j( V# y l
supplied by the government, and the supply is so tight that young people
& I4 w) u4 S3 I( X8 O+ ]3 `have to stay with their family even after they are married. The good$ P" I( \, d; S3 ?6 w( C
thing about this is that there is always someone in the house to do baby1 C$ z. A! ?8 |& M6 m7 C
sitting and care for older/sick people, but bad impacts include a high+ ^# X( o0 y8 g, `; y; F
divorce rate: over 50% newlyweds go separate ways within two years.4 p2 c) T) q! K; a7 z
Divorce is very easy: 15 days waiting period and $4 Cuba Peso fee. When D8 X# H& T- S* Q4 y. F
a lawyer is involved, the fee is $15 Cuba Peso, as lawyer can only
+ }$ W5 k# \4 B4 Q3 i: xcharge the fee defined by the state.
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There are three main types of transportation: taxi ($20 Cuba Peso to get& L3 P/ G. p% J/ v j. ]/ ^) F
on), bus similar like what we have but made in China, and a special type
6 B6 h9 f2 O9 lof bus called Camel (see picture) which has two "humps" and the big
4 h1 U- N2 |" p# M1 l+ Rtruck head of the bus comes from NFLD (used as we were told). The Camel
$ T+ ?7 k8 u! [& p5 q5 ^seems to be the main transportation for most Cubans, especially the/ r, K6 n$ p1 r' S' N" U' z/ f
working class people, 20 cents per ride, but it is often not on: \5 d- |4 K5 s7 C X; W6 X
schedule. No one knows when the Camel will come to a bus stop, so if6 _1 ]9 \+ S, H3 R# f: G l& K+ q' t
you ask, people say "maybe today, maybe tomorrow". We saw some people
- |% |- a* F( xtrying to hitch a ride in quite a few places. George mentioned hitch
1 `1 O4 @( [7 J8 hhiking is very common in Cuba due to transportation shortage and that
5 _2 S8 l( {3 I- A+ [0 M( p K. cpeople have developed a sign language to indicate cities where they want, Q1 [8 N: O( o6 ~% }
to go. There are places that government officials would stop cars or' c+ {" d1 Q' L& L0 Y6 H( R% n! `4 [% l- p
buses owned by the state and order them to take hitch hikers if there! V' O1 I: k! L( p
are spaces.0 B" W: R: K2 }5 a/ p
4 z0 x& Y' x1 L. p9 B2 K1 ]3 YThere are private car owners, and some of them use their car as a taxi
& Z( c7 o6 K6 ~% K' s; @$ k0 H& G6 ?to make some money, people call them "the thinkers" (that is why they
# r) A" ]1 m4 m9 town a car). Due to US blockade, most American cars here are from the5 A0 v X: a, y/ K4 g' l5 u$ V1 w2 g
40s and 50s, but most of them had lots work done inside (all different
4 L2 j: r' Z$ k) b' \& ~parts including homemade) to keep them running, so Cuba probably has the
8 \" F2 ~" q/ d& T7 D8 nbest and most innovative auto mechanics in the world. We also saw a few
1 m# s3 A: T% y) F5 y# r1 X0 Jnice new Japanese and Korean cars. We asked George about the color of
' U/ `; z* X7 X+ \( Y5 }car license plate when we saw a nice new Audi - he said the red means it
( g- N% [' |4 L* |is a rental, the yellow ones are private, the blue ones are state owned.
) q; e6 {/ @( P- _ We then went to check our bus, sure enough, it has a blue plate.