我们2006年的古巴游记 (二)
Cuba in general, looks a lot like China in late 1970s and early 1980s, living2 n. a7 N- ~9 \& Q' U
standard and government control wise. To see and know it more, we went/ n7 }- f4 J, [( u, U- q
on a day trip to Havana ("La Habana" in Spanish). Our tour guide,5 x! Q" m1 c( ?/ c/ O, f
"George" seems to be very knowledgeable and, as we pushed, he did give
( Q+ w K) l$ z+ o* I" `' b" C1 aanswers to our pointed questions.# m- b* |) k; c+ g/ @* R
d0 }- B7 v7 WThe racial mix in Cuba is very diverse, with about 40% white, 15% black," n' B! W& q1 B' X. v3 r9 [
45% mixed (aka mulatto), even about 1% Chinese, so no one would stand
) R" @7 {! R; ~; H3 ^out too much here (especially after you got a sun tan). Education is
1 s3 Y1 v \# k8 Xfree all the way up to University level (need to pass competition exams
, ~1 `! H& Y7 F2 pto get in), and it sounds like close to half of the Universities are
1 y& g! H7 @# B1 I9 ?3 J9 y* Ymedical schools.2 m# r6 Z4 W( a, A* ]+ R/ {
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Every university graduate needs to do 3 years service assigned by the. b. q5 ], s y8 k5 H* E% d8 @
government before moving to the job/place they want, and if anyone wants
9 j/ D8 J, _1 q9 v: X* W7 p" c" Nto go abroad afterwards, he/she needs to do an additional 3 years
4 g$ z }4 A! G" x: Hassigned service before leaving the country. The salary range in Cuba8 ? S- E/ |9 N% R' r/ G
is from $200 Cuba Peso (~$11 CAD) per month (minimum state wage) to
1 }7 N+ ^/ J, {9 c# Lover $600 Cuba Peso (~$32.5 CAD) per month (for medical doctors). There
# m, w: i7 \* `: M! t3 wseems to be no big issue with food, as most basic foods are cheap and
. ~, J9 @: ]3 C& x6 n& E! ]% Jmostly supplied/rationed by government. Though they do have a milk
+ |% U6 ~3 n0 z9 \shortage which the government is addressing by converting some
1 I' t* ]9 S2 O0 ~# \- Xsugar-cane farm lands into cattle lands.5 o+ ]* y$ j: c
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The main issues are housing, transportation, and clothing. There is no
* P; E& ~0 o& @6 N& {private real estate in Cuba, as all the housing is controlled and
) I' c7 \1 P; l) u4 vsupplied by the government, and the supply is so tight that young people6 ^9 \5 g. ]0 u2 u$ l8 ?. x) W$ g
have to stay with their family even after they are married. The good$ n0 m! j' Y4 }$ ^! {9 Q
thing about this is that there is always someone in the house to do baby2 p4 t: M" n7 D% z; q1 k9 Q
sitting and care for older/sick people, but bad impacts include a high
9 x/ v8 l8 X) U1 N6 J$ F) L0 y5 @) Odivorce rate: over 50% newlyweds go separate ways within two years., M+ X' N4 U' r" G" O1 n8 n
Divorce is very easy: 15 days waiting period and $4 Cuba Peso fee. When7 m3 h( j7 I! W5 U1 a- D' B, A }
a lawyer is involved, the fee is $15 Cuba Peso, as lawyer can only
) X; ^8 W9 W! p3 O' }6 qcharge the fee defined by the state.
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, a& K3 P- e* V7 h; WThere are three main types of transportation: taxi ($20 Cuba Peso to get
3 v; A6 R2 d3 j# F2 fon), bus similar like what we have but made in China, and a special type$ C7 c+ d9 ^! k# b) C+ G/ u
of bus called Camel (see picture) which has two "humps" and the big
$ G9 z# b* M8 `. B qtruck head of the bus comes from NFLD (used as we were told). The Camel
% V: a s! P0 wseems to be the main transportation for most Cubans, especially the+ o: N9 k: I7 w& }5 T: L1 q$ T
working class people, 20 cents per ride, but it is often not on
! u9 q R7 r: ?% i6 aschedule. No one knows when the Camel will come to a bus stop, so if5 \5 |: |4 E6 z% E! g$ d
you ask, people say "maybe today, maybe tomorrow". We saw some people
$ s! X$ r* ?* Y1 O# D# Z: u. Ttrying to hitch a ride in quite a few places. George mentioned hitch
% d. p/ t ~) p4 i. L/ { j- L: Thiking is very common in Cuba due to transportation shortage and that
0 o ?: o6 t2 ]7 I) zpeople have developed a sign language to indicate cities where they want
- t8 s* v) z$ t8 d5 S5 Fto go. There are places that government officials would stop cars or/ |8 u% l; i! g! W7 g! U
buses owned by the state and order them to take hitch hikers if there
( c4 {' w' ` q z# m8 k9 @( L; Rare spaces.7 u- K0 K$ A% {5 ^ A- @) A
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There are private car owners, and some of them use their car as a taxi4 l7 f# z N# E3 ?1 `
to make some money, people call them "the thinkers" (that is why they
' S* N2 _. e9 o+ A$ H# yown a car). Due to US blockade, most American cars here are from the
# {. x. x$ @' @( e' G5 D) Y6 A( j40s and 50s, but most of them had lots work done inside (all different
9 Q, k) _$ z, v/ D( c1 ]- Dparts including homemade) to keep them running, so Cuba probably has the
* Q: J2 m: E+ s! |! V$ z* J: wbest and most innovative auto mechanics in the world. We also saw a few
5 z- C: @# N: U2 @1 Wnice new Japanese and Korean cars. We asked George about the color of
7 e- u& w5 h! ~+ ]% T+ Ecar license plate when we saw a nice new Audi - he said the red means it, r6 q3 T' X. [6 c8 i
is a rental, the yellow ones are private, the blue ones are state owned.
f/ r; {5 j% k9 }* A We then went to check our bus, sure enough, it has a blue plate.