我们2006年的古巴游记 (二)
Cuba in general, looks a lot like China in late 1970s and early 1980s, living
6 `1 i9 N4 r5 V# fstandard and government control wise. To see and know it more, we went7 n! e" p8 i3 I8 x; y
on a day trip to Havana ("La Habana" in Spanish). Our tour guide,
3 D7 U8 |9 l2 E5 d$ f7 I/ k"George" seems to be very knowledgeable and, as we pushed, he did give9 i4 H$ U8 x/ m) p9 f9 {, a5 @
answers to our pointed questions.. X2 O1 x! G3 G, X. w
0 d( q# g' o. B! M' SThe racial mix in Cuba is very diverse, with about 40% white, 15% black,
0 x1 g2 J2 |) n6 y! L45% mixed (aka mulatto), even about 1% Chinese, so no one would stand
. X: c+ M9 i/ T- ?5 b1 j. r1 Nout too much here (especially after you got a sun tan). Education is1 v# @. d- ^6 ~) J4 b
free all the way up to University level (need to pass competition exams. N, M. y' |6 `3 j
to get in), and it sounds like close to half of the Universities are
. P2 b2 B$ }2 u7 g% ymedical schools.1 v& e2 M9 x6 z4 O2 \2 @
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Every university graduate needs to do 3 years service assigned by the2 V2 S) g! Y4 }7 [+ d. E0 L! Q
government before moving to the job/place they want, and if anyone wants
3 `3 X) c2 m) d, sto go abroad afterwards, he/she needs to do an additional 3 years
7 U$ Q- h* G1 n2 y2 d6 k7 lassigned service before leaving the country. The salary range in Cuba
* [" @8 L* D! U' N& ?is from $200 Cuba Peso (~$11 CAD) per month (minimum state wage) to1 X7 m/ J8 b& f& y' t8 h
over $600 Cuba Peso (~$32.5 CAD) per month (for medical doctors). There
4 c0 W# @& w: P+ rseems to be no big issue with food, as most basic foods are cheap and, Q" X% a0 K! q" z
mostly supplied/rationed by government. Though they do have a milk
9 ` {4 X- n, |; |( U! Hshortage which the government is addressing by converting some
2 p7 |7 q' R4 dsugar-cane farm lands into cattle lands.0 d6 c6 G3 A( f- d
# ~4 w) H( c. Z$ Z: f+ o( FThe main issues are housing, transportation, and clothing. There is no# a6 g$ y$ _0 E% ]
private real estate in Cuba, as all the housing is controlled and$ A$ A3 a+ y' e1 L7 D
supplied by the government, and the supply is so tight that young people. p. T m9 q" P2 W
have to stay with their family even after they are married. The good
; _& P$ ]7 q9 @thing about this is that there is always someone in the house to do baby
6 H5 x7 E/ w7 A5 c: A( o6 [* u7 nsitting and care for older/sick people, but bad impacts include a high" ]3 }* Q$ S/ `4 l
divorce rate: over 50% newlyweds go separate ways within two years.* o3 C' @" u3 R4 d' G
Divorce is very easy: 15 days waiting period and $4 Cuba Peso fee. When
5 d) H; J6 ^* s& r$ sa lawyer is involved, the fee is $15 Cuba Peso, as lawyer can only
. ~% J W! x. T+ ?1 Qcharge the fee defined by the state.. s: B0 R |/ U8 R" Q. y
! y1 T# G1 Y s U- H4 GThere are three main types of transportation: taxi ($20 Cuba Peso to get
4 V/ ~$ }# v/ B( G0 e% c/ Von), bus similar like what we have but made in China, and a special type
1 R/ e6 {4 {; \7 I+ yof bus called Camel (see picture) which has two "humps" and the big1 N7 g5 I( u2 B0 o2 L
truck head of the bus comes from NFLD (used as we were told). The Camel
0 H+ @+ _# I1 {) b, M4 tseems to be the main transportation for most Cubans, especially the2 v+ ^6 V# c6 y) b
working class people, 20 cents per ride, but it is often not on6 K7 Z" L7 Z* V7 I7 f
schedule. No one knows when the Camel will come to a bus stop, so if
% D1 \$ N+ I+ p- X6 yyou ask, people say "maybe today, maybe tomorrow". We saw some people9 l5 i" M* ^# f% @" c- \
trying to hitch a ride in quite a few places. George mentioned hitch6 H. c% `7 m1 W$ r- S$ w0 w
hiking is very common in Cuba due to transportation shortage and that1 G. y$ i" R* `9 z$ J% H( r7 G
people have developed a sign language to indicate cities where they want
& F8 j1 ~; f6 v. K& \8 j' F# [to go. There are places that government officials would stop cars or
& V4 T0 o4 c1 a; e: nbuses owned by the state and order them to take hitch hikers if there
. B7 A) B$ |7 ]: C* Y' q, F5 S5 Hare spaces.
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There are private car owners, and some of them use their car as a taxi, u4 b( L/ }* L2 T4 |/ K
to make some money, people call them "the thinkers" (that is why they6 L0 F. p$ @1 S2 F
own a car). Due to US blockade, most American cars here are from the8 l$ ?/ L& l1 v
40s and 50s, but most of them had lots work done inside (all different4 T9 ?0 v5 k4 S8 e/ v
parts including homemade) to keep them running, so Cuba probably has the
# W& r/ X7 \' G K4 s! nbest and most innovative auto mechanics in the world. We also saw a few9 I7 S) u- M3 W8 h6 G7 \' ~; I
nice new Japanese and Korean cars. We asked George about the color of
" O a" [0 N* Lcar license plate when we saw a nice new Audi - he said the red means it
5 H# T) i- Z/ F2 [ G5 \is a rental, the yellow ones are private, the blue ones are state owned.* U- X! ]" h9 N$ `& j
We then went to check our bus, sure enough, it has a blue plate.