我们2006年的古巴游记 (二)
Cuba in general, looks a lot like China in late 1970s and early 1980s, living
3 r/ Z6 T: H/ q; G5 @& f istandard and government control wise. To see and know it more, we went& ]% @5 U8 R3 d) a8 Q* K% R
on a day trip to Havana ("La Habana" in Spanish). Our tour guide,2 C. _2 a* Q% L6 c: B
"George" seems to be very knowledgeable and, as we pushed, he did give
) O0 R+ M, m/ manswers to our pointed questions.: {7 w$ C: f3 _& |
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The racial mix in Cuba is very diverse, with about 40% white, 15% black,
, X2 x9 H" j) @4 D45% mixed (aka mulatto), even about 1% Chinese, so no one would stand
: T( ]$ E8 O7 L+ Q! O* V5 ~out too much here (especially after you got a sun tan). Education is
$ m: M% z; w5 l- W% e0 a; Qfree all the way up to University level (need to pass competition exams8 l" i) l# N/ }. W: W6 V
to get in), and it sounds like close to half of the Universities are5 v* X- f6 r# t6 [+ p
medical schools.
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Every university graduate needs to do 3 years service assigned by the$ b4 o! p% c) v% u T0 Z8 X- y2 u
government before moving to the job/place they want, and if anyone wants) T8 E, g' @6 c5 w
to go abroad afterwards, he/she needs to do an additional 3 years
2 l% R- m3 U( l/ A0 A: v& d% Dassigned service before leaving the country. The salary range in Cuba
4 G! S" h; g& o% o: `! H Eis from $200 Cuba Peso (~$11 CAD) per month (minimum state wage) to2 ?5 m. Q' ?, D% k! P+ S0 W
over $600 Cuba Peso (~$32.5 CAD) per month (for medical doctors). There: u* e# K$ e2 E L' I/ n9 Q
seems to be no big issue with food, as most basic foods are cheap and
" P7 w( X( c) a+ Mmostly supplied/rationed by government. Though they do have a milk
4 a# u( {% K: e4 ^; eshortage which the government is addressing by converting some
: y9 ?7 \) q+ }0 ?sugar-cane farm lands into cattle lands.8 E2 _. h. G" T, g J
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The main issues are housing, transportation, and clothing. There is no
" m' u: f; j7 M! } c8 P/ d* i1 pprivate real estate in Cuba, as all the housing is controlled and$ y) [# Q3 s$ G/ v
supplied by the government, and the supply is so tight that young people1 E$ \ E# U* j6 u7 ^5 |: T
have to stay with their family even after they are married. The good
9 F5 U% R& W* k {+ uthing about this is that there is always someone in the house to do baby/ j5 q V _3 x5 O, M
sitting and care for older/sick people, but bad impacts include a high. N9 q, p. H1 J% [5 q. R" C
divorce rate: over 50% newlyweds go separate ways within two years.
: T# f; @1 q1 }& Q8 h& VDivorce is very easy: 15 days waiting period and $4 Cuba Peso fee. When
( h6 S2 g" N ^' n8 q! Aa lawyer is involved, the fee is $15 Cuba Peso, as lawyer can only
% j" o7 S- A) J6 N4 {! {charge the fee defined by the state.
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There are three main types of transportation: taxi ($20 Cuba Peso to get1 D4 \ W1 w7 G" B4 V2 u0 V, S
on), bus similar like what we have but made in China, and a special type
* @- R/ Y: H7 `+ j- y; Zof bus called Camel (see picture) which has two "humps" and the big
- v9 I4 K$ W; p4 B+ }% w6 {" Y( htruck head of the bus comes from NFLD (used as we were told). The Camel9 a4 p3 w6 k6 G7 |
seems to be the main transportation for most Cubans, especially the
$ Y7 v( a+ n* M, v( p. v% yworking class people, 20 cents per ride, but it is often not on
\6 }' }/ B/ e# W9 m& e9 @schedule. No one knows when the Camel will come to a bus stop, so if
. s. `* `" x4 G5 Yyou ask, people say "maybe today, maybe tomorrow". We saw some people6 z6 h0 `5 V: x! P+ y( r& ?. r" j
trying to hitch a ride in quite a few places. George mentioned hitch; Y. l# @# U# N' ]2 K
hiking is very common in Cuba due to transportation shortage and that9 T2 A& E, h7 P8 z
people have developed a sign language to indicate cities where they want! i; C+ w8 M: |3 S- _) _
to go. There are places that government officials would stop cars or
6 n7 M7 L" L9 g; Hbuses owned by the state and order them to take hitch hikers if there
5 W8 E6 j/ F% v* M- V4 U$ Ware spaces.
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There are private car owners, and some of them use their car as a taxi3 v3 Y8 }+ R) f
to make some money, people call them "the thinkers" (that is why they
7 Q1 o& U, k7 q9 z0 D1 T1 `1 s. p, kown a car). Due to US blockade, most American cars here are from the
* }" K3 u: ?% u5 ~40s and 50s, but most of them had lots work done inside (all different
! Z: u/ S- ^) @& J xparts including homemade) to keep them running, so Cuba probably has the0 e* |' o6 N& q% e0 ]
best and most innovative auto mechanics in the world. We also saw a few+ i4 ` g* F+ a0 k
nice new Japanese and Korean cars. We asked George about the color of
! [% N/ y2 h9 G8 T8 g8 s3 e1 |car license plate when we saw a nice new Audi - he said the red means it
7 z, G( J- R# @is a rental, the yellow ones are private, the blue ones are state owned.
j1 F. w: v0 F0 m8 I5 ]9 k We then went to check our bus, sure enough, it has a blue plate.