我们2006年的古巴游记 (二)
Cuba in general, looks a lot like China in late 1970s and early 1980s, living& F5 S4 I1 D. r4 X! V! e0 V0 z# `
standard and government control wise. To see and know it more, we went
- D. @( T& ]9 j& T- d' ^on a day trip to Havana ("La Habana" in Spanish). Our tour guide,
" z5 ]: B( O0 d+ m/ u$ v$ z"George" seems to be very knowledgeable and, as we pushed, he did give% P3 B* f) Y# X" L: U* o
answers to our pointed questions.+ {. `/ L5 S& C
; m) q4 X o& Y) ?$ P: ~The racial mix in Cuba is very diverse, with about 40% white, 15% black,
d5 ?6 |; ?1 [4 D7 a45% mixed (aka mulatto), even about 1% Chinese, so no one would stand
/ F/ @( D8 r2 i# u& [4 V7 t$ L( B" gout too much here (especially after you got a sun tan). Education is: o. W' \0 H1 o' [6 P! Q
free all the way up to University level (need to pass competition exams
1 }+ S, p4 R+ N6 U% Y& tto get in), and it sounds like close to half of the Universities are
* I' a) @. L8 Zmedical schools.$ n# w% N: I& V+ b8 \; M
; O: G2 h; ~. a2 f" DEvery university graduate needs to do 3 years service assigned by the0 b$ L$ h5 k! r! }* u
government before moving to the job/place they want, and if anyone wants
7 v2 {3 h/ D1 B, ]" qto go abroad afterwards, he/she needs to do an additional 3 years
: j7 m2 h! G" N% Xassigned service before leaving the country. The salary range in Cuba
& u- _* t' {; `! p* e8 qis from $200 Cuba Peso (~$11 CAD) per month (minimum state wage) to7 B j- Q3 E+ }! q' u
over $600 Cuba Peso (~$32.5 CAD) per month (for medical doctors). There
1 |! q% ^+ n3 \# S% L/ q1 gseems to be no big issue with food, as most basic foods are cheap and
3 F6 v" i3 V0 X" X! [$ kmostly supplied/rationed by government. Though they do have a milk( J, X7 C& v7 }$ n1 D9 u. t, e; A
shortage which the government is addressing by converting some' s! a5 ]" c3 Y+ `; A
sugar-cane farm lands into cattle lands.
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% s( w, g- ~0 p* c- O7 EThe main issues are housing, transportation, and clothing. There is no
2 ^. e& }3 J1 Dprivate real estate in Cuba, as all the housing is controlled and* }7 r7 |9 y) v9 i) d
supplied by the government, and the supply is so tight that young people/ o- u4 O% r! U: K o" K
have to stay with their family even after they are married. The good' o' c w/ S1 {& C% X3 I" K- \
thing about this is that there is always someone in the house to do baby/ j3 C! i- r, g# l- ], o
sitting and care for older/sick people, but bad impacts include a high
& a# a; b) U, M2 |divorce rate: over 50% newlyweds go separate ways within two years.5 o' b2 B9 p4 N% E0 T. L) L( ?
Divorce is very easy: 15 days waiting period and $4 Cuba Peso fee. When7 I! W& s, f9 C& l c
a lawyer is involved, the fee is $15 Cuba Peso, as lawyer can only7 q5 j" Z4 y( s7 ]3 X
charge the fee defined by the state.
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There are three main types of transportation: taxi ($20 Cuba Peso to get
9 V1 R L* }- r8 |on), bus similar like what we have but made in China, and a special type
0 x/ `# P* o6 E- gof bus called Camel (see picture) which has two "humps" and the big
4 N( g) {. A2 \3 |! x8 Q; ntruck head of the bus comes from NFLD (used as we were told). The Camel: q% ^) T7 ?/ B
seems to be the main transportation for most Cubans, especially the
: K$ K$ L' c. h, c/ ~working class people, 20 cents per ride, but it is often not on
$ L) G5 I: r1 ]1 Kschedule. No one knows when the Camel will come to a bus stop, so if
9 U4 @8 |& y' R$ |/ E; J$ wyou ask, people say "maybe today, maybe tomorrow". We saw some people1 R3 v- [5 a; J" r6 k3 M
trying to hitch a ride in quite a few places. George mentioned hitch
! k8 H8 p. P4 [' _! f% \! Lhiking is very common in Cuba due to transportation shortage and that5 z! K( b- `& p# j, o1 `
people have developed a sign language to indicate cities where they want
/ S1 m5 {! s/ Z, E/ xto go. There are places that government officials would stop cars or
- y2 ^% s& F8 ]/ P/ T' T: nbuses owned by the state and order them to take hitch hikers if there
1 l- v) B/ I: e$ G9 |, {4 p" Gare spaces.' v' h. j. Q; y( O9 ?
3 y! ?4 Z6 x/ L' `% W6 S% Y! ~There are private car owners, and some of them use their car as a taxi
2 z$ g; u. A# q! V Y8 f# Bto make some money, people call them "the thinkers" (that is why they0 s, ? F9 E' {# J/ f
own a car). Due to US blockade, most American cars here are from the
1 f, o: _; r* w40s and 50s, but most of them had lots work done inside (all different
6 k2 ^3 z; N8 f* d9 rparts including homemade) to keep them running, so Cuba probably has the! Z7 m$ g0 B3 x7 S/ G3 n
best and most innovative auto mechanics in the world. We also saw a few
/ I1 q$ u+ V) \5 t1 Cnice new Japanese and Korean cars. We asked George about the color of7 S0 T2 s) X' d& x- ]4 L
car license plate when we saw a nice new Audi - he said the red means it
/ O& y% E, \3 r4 Vis a rental, the yellow ones are private, the blue ones are state owned.
2 g8 Y7 }$ ]* p+ r( F We then went to check our bus, sure enough, it has a blue plate.