我们2006年的古巴游记 (二)
Cuba in general, looks a lot like China in late 1970s and early 1980s, living
& G% o3 B' t1 A6 j% \% jstandard and government control wise. To see and know it more, we went
' Y* \" r5 f" uon a day trip to Havana ("La Habana" in Spanish). Our tour guide,( n/ t4 w' S7 ^6 j: @" z$ [+ \
"George" seems to be very knowledgeable and, as we pushed, he did give8 C! P) D+ N, c7 A
answers to our pointed questions.
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The racial mix in Cuba is very diverse, with about 40% white, 15% black,) n& Y' E4 ^# V
45% mixed (aka mulatto), even about 1% Chinese, so no one would stand1 w: M, A' _7 n6 V# v! `
out too much here (especially after you got a sun tan). Education is
* {* d( ^" d' ^7 nfree all the way up to University level (need to pass competition exams
9 g) m* e9 a: q6 R" ?/ Kto get in), and it sounds like close to half of the Universities are
* q( j* x" x0 d+ Hmedical schools.5 t6 w9 p' R( d5 ~! O8 {" U
; R0 N' b) b. H3 ^/ f* CEvery university graduate needs to do 3 years service assigned by the! N" D! X2 o% U" q
government before moving to the job/place they want, and if anyone wants4 q# M/ x% E/ z4 G) j
to go abroad afterwards, he/she needs to do an additional 3 years
* ^6 d3 Q7 g+ s9 ]assigned service before leaving the country. The salary range in Cuba( V1 L! B8 s& F/ f" D/ R! X
is from $200 Cuba Peso (~$11 CAD) per month (minimum state wage) to
$ O9 H# b3 Y. n) T) {! [over $600 Cuba Peso (~$32.5 CAD) per month (for medical doctors). There1 h% z# g( D B8 j
seems to be no big issue with food, as most basic foods are cheap and
5 [4 t5 S( C- nmostly supplied/rationed by government. Though they do have a milk1 L' F) ?1 \: Z6 S4 \1 N9 K8 b
shortage which the government is addressing by converting some2 M) J7 U* ]. L% k. b
sugar-cane farm lands into cattle lands., j# _3 a! `3 x! u
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The main issues are housing, transportation, and clothing. There is no
$ F, n- Z* b+ \( C+ s2 Y& E8 Nprivate real estate in Cuba, as all the housing is controlled and! ?. P6 `; X$ I& b) ^. f
supplied by the government, and the supply is so tight that young people
$ }8 `3 I4 ]: i. {have to stay with their family even after they are married. The good* p. f* g" y% Y2 x
thing about this is that there is always someone in the house to do baby7 @7 V9 w3 x" f. {& \% r
sitting and care for older/sick people, but bad impacts include a high# T7 r% i' h7 ]/ `2 Z0 K3 N
divorce rate: over 50% newlyweds go separate ways within two years.
* D4 A4 [: a: ?& @# s1 b5 U6 RDivorce is very easy: 15 days waiting period and $4 Cuba Peso fee. When9 o* k5 B3 O6 q9 K
a lawyer is involved, the fee is $15 Cuba Peso, as lawyer can only c4 D( I4 @0 ~* ? R
charge the fee defined by the state.
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$ B1 L: w- O3 I: S! V6 VThere are three main types of transportation: taxi ($20 Cuba Peso to get5 r) ~& g/ r5 |$ {3 y5 k
on), bus similar like what we have but made in China, and a special type
/ ^3 f1 I0 B$ Z+ }9 W$ sof bus called Camel (see picture) which has two "humps" and the big* k# W8 a) U0 `; h. b% Y' A F8 w
truck head of the bus comes from NFLD (used as we were told). The Camel( w$ r% m$ }2 a
seems to be the main transportation for most Cubans, especially the; q9 |! p2 o+ m1 o. z$ f" c7 z
working class people, 20 cents per ride, but it is often not on7 p8 w# W9 p8 [0 ~5 {4 I. @
schedule. No one knows when the Camel will come to a bus stop, so if
( F- x. s# G3 T1 |4 @; syou ask, people say "maybe today, maybe tomorrow". We saw some people
) f$ o: N4 E+ \& ?6 Q( L( @- Ltrying to hitch a ride in quite a few places. George mentioned hitch
* p9 V4 t2 Z- N& L7 W6 C# \( g: Whiking is very common in Cuba due to transportation shortage and that
7 x f0 ^7 H1 t2 |# M* O+ Rpeople have developed a sign language to indicate cities where they want0 y9 v$ e. A" X" f' F
to go. There are places that government officials would stop cars or; x3 U8 N4 u4 c, u* U. |3 A) V
buses owned by the state and order them to take hitch hikers if there
& N% b2 u7 ]5 B! E. bare spaces.
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+ z! b2 B9 e8 z4 j' bThere are private car owners, and some of them use their car as a taxi
' j& u; l7 a/ ]. T: Xto make some money, people call them "the thinkers" (that is why they
1 u7 s8 n; M; ^5 @: Eown a car). Due to US blockade, most American cars here are from the
( P, Y! f% c/ X' u# ]! d4 k% u! S( j3 c40s and 50s, but most of them had lots work done inside (all different
( K5 t' `$ S2 Y+ aparts including homemade) to keep them running, so Cuba probably has the) j7 {. n" B/ X2 }7 a
best and most innovative auto mechanics in the world. We also saw a few
5 O1 |: o N8 x; p9 qnice new Japanese and Korean cars. We asked George about the color of% ~& K! E% [( x9 E0 q5 @
car license plate when we saw a nice new Audi - he said the red means it
+ i* Z- b9 i& Uis a rental, the yellow ones are private, the blue ones are state owned.& x% x9 i1 H* A; P `3 z- d
We then went to check our bus, sure enough, it has a blue plate.